Concepts / Network services

Network services

SMB/CIFS

Also called server message block, CIFS, Windows file sharing, samba, smbclient, port 445, SMB2, SMB3, net use, mapped drive

Windows-style file and printer sharing on TCP 445: a client logs in, connects to a named share, and reads or writes its files.

SMB (Server Message Block, once called CIFS) is how Windows and Samba share folders and printers. A client opens a TCP connection to port 445 and first negotiates a dialect: modern clients speak SMB2 or SMB3 and refuse the old, insecure SMB1. It then logs in (a session setup, usually with NTLM or Kerberos), does a tree connect to a share such as \\server\finance, and creates/reads/writes files inside it. A capture shows those step names in order, so SMB is easy to spot. SMB1 and exposed port 445 are a classic risk (WannaCry spread over it).

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