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DSCP
Six bits in the IP header that mark a packet's traffic class, such as EF (46) for voice.
The IP header's old type-of-service byte holds a 6-bit DSCP and 2 ECN bits. EF (46, byte 0xb8) is for voice, AF41 (34) for video, CS1 (8) for bulk that may wait, 0 for the rest. A mark is a request: routers act on it only if configured to, and a network re-marks traffic from sources it does not trust. Most of the internet ignores or clears it.