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Network configuration
A machine's four network settings: the card up, an address and subnet, a default route, a DNS server.
ip link, ip addr and ip route change the running kernel at once, and a reboot forgets them; resolv.conf is a
file, but often rewritten at boot. To last, the settings go into a file a networking service applies at every boot:
/etc/network/interfaces read by ifup (Alpine, Debian), a .network file read by systemd-networkd (Arch and
most others), or NetworkManager's profiles on desktops. Each says either the four values (static) or "ask DHCP".
Whatever the tool, it ends in the same kernel calls ip makes.