Firewalls
Next-generation firewall
A stateful firewall that also identifies the application in each flow and applies proxy and IPS rules to it.
Where a packet filter sees addresses, ports and state, an NGFW also names the application (by protocol, TLS server name, or by decrypting it), applies per-application and per-user policy as a proxy would, and matches traffic against signatures of known attacks as an intrusion prevention system does. What it can judge is still limited by what it can see: encrypted traffic it does not decrypt shows only its names and sizes.