IPv6
Dual stack
Running IPv4 and IPv6 side by side; each connection picks one.
A dual-stack device has both kinds of address and gets both A and AAAA records. The system's address selection (RFC 6724) sorts them; Happy Eyeballs programs race IPv6 first and fall back to IPv4 quickly. Both families need their own firewall rules: a rule written for IPv4 does nothing for IPv6.