Ethernet and ARP
Ethernet frame
The envelope a packet travels in across one link: destination MAC, source MAC, type, payload.
A 14-byte header: destination and source MAC addresses, then the ethertype naming the payload (0x0800
IPv4, 0x0806 ARP, 0x8100 a VLAN tag). tcpdump -e prints it. The frame is rebuilt at every router; only
its payload, the IP packet, travels end to end.