Switches and VLANs
MAC address table
A switch's record of which port each MAC address was last seen on, learned from source addresses.
Four rules. Learn: a frame arriving on a port teaches the switch that its source MAC is behind that port.
Forward: a frame whose destination is in the table leaves by that port only. Flood: a frame for an unknown
destination, or a broadcast, leaves by every port but the one it came in on. Age: an entry not refreshed for the
aging time (300 seconds by default) is forgotten. A device that has sent nothing is not in the table, and a
device that moves is found again as soon as it sends. Entries typed in by hand (static) never age out.